Canadian Bunchberry 3. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Before the leaves change, however, numerous dogwood species show distinctive and lovely foliage. Thus, apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and (in their shells) acorns and almonds, are all technically fruits. Red berries from two species of dogwood trees are edible. As it ages, the bark fades to a gray hue. This, paired with an average height of 20 feet, dogwoods can make an impressive addition to your garden. Whether it be Red Twig or Siberian, lets take a look at the 15 beautiful and unique types of Dogwood trees. A few species, however, have leaves that alternate on the stems. However, you should consider the professional opinion to correctly identify different dogwood species and speak with your physician before attempting alternative treatments. Canadian Bunchberry/Dwarf Dogwood (Cornus Canadensis) At least 36 different species of birds feast on the dogwood's fleshy red berries, including northern cardinals, tufted . In fact, the blooms show up in very early spring, even before the leaves have sprouted. A good provider of salt and high in calcium and potassium, dogwood aids in the rehabilitation of the body after illness. These are also known to bloom dull-white by the end of Spring, and they have both elliptical and oval leaves. The flowering dogwood is native to North America and is a landscaping tree popular in Florida. Flowering dogwood is susceptible to anthracnose, a devastating and incurable disease that can kill the tree. It grows well in full sun or partial shade, and though it prefers moist and rich soils, it will adapt to other soil types. Mature trees can grow to 10m. However, keep in mind that this may affect fruit growth, limiting the year's harvest. Additionally, kousa dogwoods produce red berries 0.78 to 1.1 (2 3 cm) across. Chestnuts are protected by the bur (as in right bur), once they fall to the ground, crushed . It produces attractive blue-green foliage, with leaves typically measuring around 4 inches in length. The blossoms are followed by the development of little black fruits that attract birds and other creatures. There isnt enough scientific evidence to know what the safe dose range is for American dogwood currently. Silky dogwood is a large to medium-sized native shrub with creamy white spring flowers , dark green foliage, and reddish stems and burgundy fall color. 9 Great Spring-Flowering Trees and Shrubs, 10 Best Deer-Resistant Shrubs for Landscaping, 11 Best Trees That Grow in Shade for Years, 12 Popular Types of Magnolia Trees and Shrubs, 10 Colorful Flowering Trees for Your Yard, 15 Best Plants for Drought-Tolerant Gardens, Cornus Canadensis (Bunchberry, Canadian Bunchberry, Canadian Dwarf Cornel, Dwarf Dogwood), Dogwood - Cornus spp. You can eat the fruit of Cornus kousa - Korean Dogwood - Chinese Dogwood - Japanese Dogwood The ovate leaves are dark green and have a leather-like texture with a glossy surface. Although generally found in moist locations in the wild, this species also has a good tolerance for dry conditions once the plants are established. Cuttings need early protection with a planting dome and grow lights before planting in the ground. Cornus, the genus that Dogwoods belong to, is comprised of approximately 60 woody plant species of the family Cornaceae. Unfortunately, the small round globous red fruits also are packed with seeds, making them difficult to eat. Subscribe our Newsletter for new blog posts and promotion. Although they have not been studied for street tree usage in the United States, the branches are likely to droop less than most other Dogwoods, making it a suitable option for street tree use. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. include a large group of flowering plants within the genus Cornus. Its leaves are elliptical to oval in shape, and dull white flowers in late spring give way to the blue-black fruit in August. This dogwood species is identified by its yellow, four-petalled flowers growing in dense clusters, shiny, oblong red fruits, and large leaves growing oppositely on branches. The latter two are introduced species that have earned a place in American gardens because they are more disease resistant than native species. This dogwood variety is an excellent choice for an area that receives afternoon shade and has acidic soil. Flowering Dogwood Image By: Piqsels The flowering dogwood is the species that most people associate with the name dogwood. In contrast, the flowering dogwood berries have a woody growth on one end. Dogwoods can be identified by their smooth-edged leaves, with veins that are parallel to the margins (edges). This Dogwood features either a gray or tanbark with a stippled, exfoliating texture that can be very appealing during the winter months. Ideal conditions for growing the cornelian cherry are full sun or partial shade, roughly six hours of sunlight a day, and moist, well-drained alkaline soil. Kousa Dogwood 9. Once established, kousa dogwood berry trees are relatively drought-resistant plants. Common names: Evergreen Dogwood, Himalayan Dogwood, Himalayan Strawberry Tree, Common names: Flowering Dogwood, Common White Dogwood, Common names: Mountain Dogwood, Pacific Dogwood, Pacific Flowering Dogwood. As time goes on, the shade keeps brightening until it becomes very red in winter, providing a perfect contrast to a snowy or bare landscape. These red-twig dogwood shrubs have excellent landscaping appeal, helping to add a splash of color to a winter landscape. The white dogwood is the one that has edible berries. The most common type of dogwood is the white dogwood, which is native to the eastern half of North America. Use a protective tree sleeve or tube on the tree trunk until the dogwood is established. Large areas of the Asian continent are home to the Kousa dogwood tree, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Dogwood berries also come in white, blue and pale yellow round or oval forms. For example, the beautiful kousa dogwood tree is a bit high-maintenance thanks to the necessary clean-up of its falling fruits. However, it can be difficult to identify dogwood trees by their leaves alone. This plant features snow-white blooms in spring, bluish-black fruit in the summer, and dark green foliage. The fruits of the Canadian bunchberry are edible for humans. This feature is unlike edible kousa dogwood fruits that are round with leathery skin covered in bumps. Mist the cutting with water before sealing the bag. White flowers appear in late spring, leading to white berries in summer, which are edible to birds. Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) tree and flowers. The seeds are exceedingly hard, with an oval shape, looking like a long grape seed. Dogwood trees are a collection of tree species that belong to the dogwood genus ' Cornus'. The patchy gray, pink, and beige bark on kousa dogwood trees is one of the trees easily identifiable features. The trees do best in full sun to part shade and while they do well in a variety of soils, they prefer fertile, well-draining soil with a pH of 5.5-7.5. Canadian bunchberry The Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) is well known in some areas in Canada for a number of different reasons, including being 1 of the 2 only sub scrubs in the dogwood tree family. You can use dogwood seed to propagate new trees by soaking them and cold-stratifying them for 60 to 90 days. The Pacific dogwood is a western version of the Flowering dogwood. Red Osier Dogwood 13. This is generally a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub, though it can take the form of a small tree with proper pruning. Canadian Bunchberry Also known as the dwarf cornel, the Canadian Bunchberry is a Dogwood shrub. The Kousa dogwood flowers heavily in spring, with clusters of star-shaped, compact yellow-green flowers that give way to spherical berries in the summer in shades of orange, red, and pink. Two outstanding characteristics are the four-petaled, white flowers that appear above the foliage in June and reddish-purple fall color. In the late summer, these berries turn a cherry red and are tasty. Cornus alternifolia: Pagoda Dogwood Small tree that grows with a tiered habit like a pagoda. White is the most prevalent hue for dogwood blossoms, but this varies per species. A close up picture of Kousa dogwood flowers. The first difference you will notice is that the leaves appear before the flowers, and the tree flowers a couple of weeks later than the flowering dogwood. Flowering dogwood is a small deciduous tree that blooms with white, pink, or red flowers in early spring; it is the state flower of North Carolina. The Swedish cornel is another subshrub that has dark purple flowers and white bracts. The blooming time is typically in May a month after other dogwoods, which usually bloom in April. For example, two of the three dogwoods that produce red berries Cornus kousa and Cornus mas have red edible fruits. Identifying Dogwood Trees by Fruit. Flowering dogwoods do best in partial shade and thrive in the northeasts acidic soil. In the hottest climates, some shade during the afternoon will keep the tree healthy. One of the drawbacks to using hawthorns are their spines, which make pruning and maintenance difficult. Small creamy white flowers in flat clusters bloom in June. With the dawn of spring comes sunshine, the return of birds chirping in the warm breeze, and new growth everywhere. The Silky Dogwood is a large to medium-sized deciduous shrub that can reach a height of 6 to 12 feet. Determine a location for the dogwood based on the variety you choose and what lighting it prefers. Dogwood is used to treat headaches, weariness, fever, and diarrhea that wont go away. In the Peach State, they mature during September and October. Most shrub-like dogwoods are in the Cornus genus and called dogwood, like Tatarian dogwood ( Cornus alba ). It is possible to tell the difference between edible red kousa dogwood berries and those from the Cornelian cherry and flowering dogwood species. Mature Cornelian cherry dogwood trees have scaly, exfoliating bark. The tree can be pruned and trained into a single . The trees bark is grayish or dark brown, becoming rough and patchy as it matures. The bark of this plant may be a reddish, purple, or brown color, which offers interest in the winter when the leaves have all dropped. In June, small white flowers set in two to three-inch diameter cymes join the two to five-inch long dark green leaves. It is a deciduous dogwood tree that proliferates and can reach an impressive 50 feet tall hence the giant distinction. The flowers will remain intact for several weeks, followed by glossy green foliage. However, most gardeners find the foliage of red twig dogwoods less appealing in fall. Cornelian cherry dogwood berry-like fruit. The majority of dogwoods are deciduous trees or shrubs. Siberian Dogwood 15. This is another type of Dogwood that does particularly well in shadier areas, though you can enjoy more blooms and berries if you decide to plant it in a location that receives full direct sunlight. The dogwood tree is an extremely common ornamental garden plant as it can offer beautiful flowers and often uniquely shaped fruits. However, small dogwood trees are just as useful in garden landscapes. Many consider it to be the western version of the Flowering Dogwood. Dogwood tree bark is scaly. Their lush, green leaves begin to transform to a deep red color in the fall, and they start to produce fruit. A member of the Swida subspecies, the fruit of this dogwood shrub is not toxic but has an unpleasant taste. Family Cornaceae (Dogwood Family). Dogwood Diseases and Insect Pests. The shrub has multiple stems, is open, and has a rounded shape. Kousa dogwood is an excellent small specimen tree. Listed below are some edible dogwood berry variants that you can safely consume. However, red berries from the Cornelian cherry dogwood are entirely smooth. It prefers moist, well-draining soils, but it will also perform well in soils that are dry or wet, and boggy. It will tolerate full sun, though it can become very densely branched. Cherry can be used in jellies, jams, syrups, pies, and wines because they taste like tart cherries. Cultivars and Varieties: Cornus alba 'Sibirica'-Siberian Dogwood, Cornus alba 'Kesselringii'-Black Stem Dogwood, Cornus alba 'Elegantissima'-White Dogwood This type of dogwood is highly ornamental, making a colorful display that changes with the seasons. The dark green leaves evolve through red and orange colors before becoming purple in the fall. The fruits on this dogwood shrub are a brilliant shade of blue. Honeysuckle. Fall foliage is sometimes an attractive red-purple. When growing conditions are not ideal, they can be susceptible to a large range of bacterial and fungal problems. Though, this condition can be controlled by trimming off the affected branches. The tiny yellow flowers bloom in late March or early April. Flowering dogwood has the showiest blooms with large star-shaped white blossoms. Bright yellow colors appear in late winter or early spring, followed by densely growing green foliage, then clusters of small red cherry-like drupes. 15 Popular Types of Dogwood There are 17 varieties of dogwoods native to North America. The native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) produces shiny oval inedible berries growing in small clusters. This Dogwood is a very showy variety, which offers year-round visual interest. However, only four of those are popularly grown. There are several noteworthy hybrids of C. florida and C. kousa. Species like Kousa, Himalayan, and Silkyknown for their showy blossoms, typically contain red fruit that does not turn blue-black with age. The common name for this plant will help you identify it. Cornus alternifolia 'Argentea' is a variegated form with white and green leaves that is rare in cultivation. Feel the coarse hairs found on the leaves in this species and you will see why this is named the rough leaf dogwood. She grew up surrounded by constant home improvement projects and owes most of what she knows to helping her dad renovate her childhood home. As one of the most common types of trees with a range of cultivars, each having distinct characteristics, there are numerous dogwoods to choose from. The state tree of North Carolina, the Flowering Dogwood, is a small deciduous tree that sprouts pink, red, white blooms in early spring. The scarlet red, waxy-looking berries are oblong in shape and displayed in clusters of three to six berries. This adaptable plant is winter hardy to -25 to -30 degrees F. (-31 to -34 C.). Popularly, however, the term is restricted to the ripened ovaries that are sweet and either succulent or pulpy. Over time, the branches become a bright red, and by wintertime, the plant provides lovely contrast against a bare or snowy backdrop. The flowers are also the state flower of North Carolina. Although edible, its easy to confuse edible Cornelian cherry dogwood red berries with poisonous fruits from the Cornus florida species. However, it is not recommended that the berries be taken due to their strong astringency and bitterness. In general, it takes a dogwood tree about five to seven years before it is ready and matures enough to flower. Chestnuts are hidden in the prickly burs. These features make the Cornelian cherry dogwood one of the most popular flowering dogwoods. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. Read the following subsections to learn more about the deer-resistant types of dogwood. Common Dogwood This type of dogwood, known as Cornus sanguinea, is native to Europe and Western Asia. These dogwood berries can be eaten fresh, dried, or processed into jellies, syrups, or fruit sauces, to name a few ways they can be used. Copyright 2023. Often referred to as northern swamp dogwood, the gray Dogwood is a deciduous shrub native to the eastern parts of North America, including Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Canada. Those in full sun are shorter with better leaf color, especially in the fall. The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) is the species most people think of when the word dogwood is mentioned.Although it is considered one of the favorite trees in the south, there are two other species, kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) and Cornelian cherry dogwood (Cornus mas), which will grow in all areas of South Carolina except along the coast from Charleston to Savannah, Ga. European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Others can be purple-black or white. Some species even have colorful stems that offer winter appeal. The trees grayish bark peels, revealing reddish-pink or beige-tan patches. Though with this type, the white blooms are much larger, and the fall foliage is a red, orange, or yellow color. Also known as Japanese Dogwood, Korean Dogwood, or Chinese Dogwood, the Kousa dogwood is a small deciduous tree or shrub with multiple stems. Dark green leaves, 3 to 6 inches long, turn an attractive red in fall. About five to seven years before it is possible to tell the between... They fall to the margins ( edges ) glossy green foliage you can consume... Beige-Tan patches which make pruning and maintenance difficult not turn blue-black with age breeze, and they to! With seeds, making them difficult to identify dogwood trees are just as useful in landscapes! Followed by glossy green foliage seed to propagate new trees by their leaves.! 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