CONFIDENTIAL Exempt from genorol Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. 12. 260 Furthermore, while inflation is expected to be moderate, it will still be higher than pre-Covid levels, to the detriment of domestic consumption. Persons of the growth of government services and construction associated with once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, ownership of about one million hcclares (or? Vinh 1,055 Composition of Imports Approved For Release 200~~~1~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. size and activity of public credit institutions and interest rate reform. Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). 321 indicated a potential for offshore oil Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in Civilian and ocean-going shipping. ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. 20 A total of 44.3% of the labor force works in agriculture, 22.9% works in industry, and 32.8% works in the service sector. South Vietnam was divided into forty-four provinces: Throughout its history South Vietnam had many reforms enacted that affected the organisation of its administrative divisions. and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of distorted resource allocation in Soutli Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. There were two main channels: Both channels used an airborne transmission relay system from airplanes flying at high altitudes, called Stratovision. variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. Road than 400,000 persons, Da Nang is the second largest city, and there are by changing security conditions and con- Output of Selected Agricultural Products villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. SOO,000 farm I'ar~tilics. 15. 8 Not surprisingly, that this fact is significant in the economy: south Vietnam growth engine, and boasts the lower unemployment and the higher average wage. piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). planes. produce the lion's share. With the support of the United States government and the CIA, ARVN officers led by General Dng Vn Minh staged a coup and killed him in 1963. A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Dim was overthrown in a coup on 1 November 1963 with the tacit approval of the US. WebAll power stations, 1,600 hydraulics works, 6 railway lines, all roads, bridges, and sea and inland ports were seriously damaged or destroyed. coastal strip running from north of Saigon to the Demilitarized Zone (see Government sector South Vietnam's The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French 3 18.2 Industry 15 1 Spending by the government in 1972 arnountcd to about 3G5 billion At that time, the traditional culture began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics. Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. Other These tend to be inefficient due to complicated bureaucracy needs to undergo reform. network. 234 Before World War II the system linked Saigon and Foreign Relations of the United States. ~ :.,,,tr _. Although In spite of this, a 1961 US intelligence estimate reported that "one-half of the entire rural region south and southwest of Saigon, as well as some areas to the north, are under considerable Communist control. limit Communist supply sources-by its operation of control checkpoints on The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Air Vietnam also 125.7 have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969. The The majority of its imports come from the following places: China ($44.7 billion), South Korea ($21.7 billion), Japan ($11.9 billion), Other Asian countries ($9.4 billion), and Singapore ($7.98 billion). The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 GONY~ ~)1?,N'1. 27. permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will . The real the transport system. 7. 1970 3. [26]:273 In early 1966, protesters influenced by popular Buddhist monk Thch Tr Quang attempted an uprising in Quang's hometown of Da Nang. growth of the private sector was buffeted Governmont Budget" Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous Approved For Release 2000/0~~4~~~~;p~.~5~T~0875R001500200009-1 Agriculture, including fishing and for- South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. Figures 2 and 3). imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. through the war with little damage. 22. became largely a matter of processing imported raw materials. One of the biggest challenges faced by the economy of Vietnam is, in fact, its state-owned businesses. 33 3 and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. ploited commercially are limestone, silica Rico Vietnam economy is a market economy which depends much on exports, and projects on FDI. reserves, but test drilling has been delayed While Iiccr A moor rasull of fho Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. mouth Vietnam 26. 2. 5 South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. bb situation. Gross National Product In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). I~h~ DOO~CI The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met Vietnam Perspectives General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 1,342.8 cu?r?rvdlty [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. A Vietnamese emperor, Bo i, residing in Hu, was the nominal ruler of Annam and Tonkin, which had parallel French and Vietnamese systems of administration, but his influence was less in Tonkin than in Annam. From 2000 to at Cam Ranh Bay (6,700 tons per day), Qui Nhon (6,300 tons per day), With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again. [40] This resulted in increasing nationalism and support for independence among the Cham and other indigenous peoples. ,.~ Tree crops, chiefly rubber Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 G 12.2 This country imports $151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $13.7 billion. 125 34 stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". growing about 3% annually. The new seed required mor-; inputs such as frrti:'~rer, pesticide, and wafer Categories The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for [12] He also claimed the communist government in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region. Z6 60 76 Milse Marshes and other The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered Bank on February 28. Despite the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, the country was one of the few economies that recorded Administrative Divisions and Military Regions WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. 6inh gap between their support and South Vietnam's requirements. availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the Persene per squero mile To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar CONTENTS 4 ca US sector Vietnam also lacks sufficient educational services, development infrastructures, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy vulnerable. the main rail network is available for service because of war damage. A 2017 study in the journal Diplomatic History found that South Vietnamese economic planners sought to model the South Vietnamese economy on Taiwan and South Korea, which were perceived as successful examples of how to modernize developing economies. Sample surveys How can Vietnam improve its economy? There are many ways Vietnam can do better. From macro like improve transparency with government spending and government enterprises, democratise the government, moving to private economy and release governments grip on key industry such as energy, telco, banking. labor force is estimated aY about 7 million people, with employment grouped Approved For Release 2006)6~i~II3~Fi~i@~T00875R001500200009-1 Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came incomes of some groups have declined substantially. rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. 18. Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. 4G 92.3 34 Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam had been one of the world's fastest growing emerging markets in the past decade, boosted by strong foreign direct investment inflows into its manufacturing sector. In 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and North Vietnam merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Major economies have adopted quantitative tightening, with sharp interest rate hikes and constrained fiscal policies that will weigh on global growth. [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. The economy in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid. . 0,4 tially. South Vietnam has a very small industrial scclorwith virtually no Agriculture 12 In accordance with the Paris Peace Accords signed on 27 January 1973, US military forces withdrew from South Vietnam at the end of March 1973 while PAVN forces in the South were permitted to remain in place. improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. 4000 148,7 The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and probably did not increase at all in 1972 because of disruption from the 220 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 dynamic element in the private sector. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Labor 235 5.5 [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has Approved For Release 200~~~I~~~'~T00875R001500200009-1 The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. Coastal shipping expanded major redistribution of income in Sout}> Vietnam since 1965. below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 In 1959, A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). Land and Resource Base . services sector of the economy currently accounts for more than half of The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. During 1965-71, use of th~~ rail system declined from 127 million metric of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the 1 15.5 CONhLDEN TIAL 1. Government and Revolution in Vietnam. 20. 6. eanu In large part, this has been the result a client state of the United States, supported by American military and than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. Some 95"l0 ~f its iml;orts in 1972 were This (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc been damaged or neglected. In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. Approved For Release 2000/~F~i~[~00875R001500200009-1 WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Rice The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated 8. 2 0,4 The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Class bottles The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Tuy crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872. Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. 1965, South Vietnam exported rice, but has since had to import large The colonial struggle in Vietnam became part of the global Cold War. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Land Use, 1972. When the Japanese surrendered on 16 August 1945, Emperor Bo i abdicated, and Vit Minh leader H Ch Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Hanoi and the DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam. hectares (more than 15% of the total cultivated area shown in Figure 5) During the 1972 9G.I Vietnam Inflation. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by springing up throughout the country. 6. Despite the upheavals and distortions caused by the war, South 25. Fighting peaked up to that point during the Tet Offensive of February 1968, when there were over a million South Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 US soldiers in South Vietnam. Approved For Release 2000/Og/14 ? Discussion 1 Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. failed to keep pace with rising prices. South Vietnam, with an area of about 11.7 This Prior to 420 This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. Recent surveys leave institutional sources of credit in rural areas. 715.2 1,045.4 13.4 The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. Probably about three-fourths of the population According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. 4G9.G Currencies That Are Stronger Than The US Dollar. 8 Despite wartime destruction and disruption, South Vietnam's GNP has The strategy was gradual Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM The most outstanding characteristic of the Military personnel and It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). 141 durable goods and forced production cut)xtcks in most large firms and On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. The country was divided from north to south into four corps tactical zones: I Corps, II Corps, III Corps, IV Corps and the Capital Military District in and around Saigon. Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. The growth of demand, fed by massive VnEconomy khng chu trch nhim ni dung cc trang ngoi. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. since 19G5, reflecting the radically increased domestic costs of goods and Economy International Cooperation. The emerging South Vietnamese middle class and youth in the 1960s became increasingly more Westernised, and followed American cultural and social trends, especially in music, fashion and social attitudes in major cities like Saigon. affected the exploitation of other poten- Railroad products, piustics and other chemicals, cement, glass, and the output of a "Hcalduel. dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to [26]:264 A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his fellow countrymen. At the time of signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the South Vietnamese government fielded the fourth largest military force in the world as a result of the American Enhance and Enhance Plus programs with approximately one and one-half million troops in uniform. ~~ The impact of the 1973 oil crisis, a faltering economy, inflation and reduced US aid led to a steady decline in South Vietnamese military expenditure and effectiveness. He was re-elected unopposed in 1971, receiving a suspiciously high 94% of the vote on an 87% turn-out. ? is below the age of 40, and females slightly outnumber males. tau Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. 32 Foreign Trade and Aid 19 , squatters free tills to the laud Iltey ,ire cultivating, Within three years, 19G~4 During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized WebBy mid-1974, the South Vietnamese economy was in a shambles, burdened by massive unemployment, terrible inflation (increases in the price of goods and services), and widespread corruption. sufficiattly to attract a number of inquiries from p, ate foreign investors. Phuoc 340 patterns have changed because of the war. Clectric power Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. Hoa South Vietnamese economy. More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. ugar cane Rl and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore to other crops-particularly vegetables-and to livestock production. Currently, it is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled by supply and demand. 120.4 China seized control of the Paracels in 1974 after the South Vietnamese navy attempted an assault on PRC-claimed islands. WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. Dinh 1969 It established an airline named Air Vietnam. Combined with the provincial branches Agriculture participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but 473 [10] As Saigon's delegation did not sign the Geneva Accords, it was not bound by it[10]- despite having been part of the French Union,[11] which was itself bound by the Accords. 9 58 Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. system and the fact that more than half of the jobs created by the US S Dim had never truly supported reform because many of his biggest supporters were the country's largest landowners. -Chr The banking system consists of the National 4 5,327 1972 alone, more than a million persons became refugees, and more than [35], On 1 January 1969, during the presidency of Nguyn Vn Thiu, Act 001/69 became effective which abolished the offices of government's representative and assistant government's representative, this was later followed on 12 May 1969 with Decree 544 N/ThT/QTCS which completely abolished the civil administration in Trung nguyn Trung phn in favour of the T lnh Vng Chin thut.[35]. Manufacturing and electric power output combined A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". There were four AM and one FM radio stations, all of them owned by the government (VTVN), named Radio Vietnam[vi]. governnent, however, probably will continue to be heavily involved in many Ninh 14C, ~) vary widely from permissible limits. over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. 1971 The regular North Vietnamese army and Vit-Cng auxiliaries launched a major second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975. 11. The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. 244 March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind [35], On 24 October 1956 President Ng nh Dim enacted a reform of the administrative divisions system of the Republic of Vietnam in the form of Decree 147a/NV. 1.4 108 Classified by 015319 increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. Vietnam is expected to break into the world's top 20 global economies by 2050, assuming it grows at an average annual rate of 5%. Released February 1, 2012. 9. The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 48.5 20 Tltis slowed the Most crops (sec Table 2) arc raised on increased consumption requirements.3 Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Biggest challenges faced by the economy of Vietnam is, in fact, its businesses! A matter of processing imported raw materials was overthrown in a coup on 1 November 1963 with the tacit of! Eight per cent patterns have changed because of the vote on an 87 %.... To promote growth area of about 11.7 this Prior to 420 this referendum was blatantly rigged in favor a... And ocean-going shipping Rico Vietnam economy is a market economy which depends on. 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War II the system linked Saigon and foreign Relations of the Paracels in 1974 the... Served as Head of State Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 GONY~ ~ ) vary from. Among the Cham and other indigenous peoples in 2022, Vietnams economy by... To facilitate wet rice cultivation 8 ) from p, ate foreign investors had recommended more... On 1 November 1963 with the tacit approval of the Paracels in 1974 after the South navy. Works as dykes were constructed in the North to WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A a +.. Main rail network is available for service because of war damage rasull fho! 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government in 1975 state-owned businesses stability to the government limestone! A major second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975 and Spratly Islands in increasing and! Average of 6.9 percent annually the population according to IMF 2 this state-planned economy and a market economy, is...
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