Dravidian leader MK Stalin is at a seminal moment in his political career. The result: 51% respect, like or admire Stalin. And they were against capitalism and the bourgeoisie, not the Armenians per se. How exactly did Stalin make that transition from romantic Georgian nationalism to social democrat, and not just a social democrat but a Bolshevik? This, they say, is evidence that Stalin must have been a good leader. Joseph Stalin rose to power as General Secretary of the .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Communist Party in Russia, becoming a Soviet dictator after the death of Vladimir Lenin. It destroyed many of the important achievements that were won earlier. Suny spoke with Jacobin contributing editor Chris Maisano about the making of Stalin, the pioneering contributions of Georgian social democracy, and how socialists today should view Stalins legacy. No, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. It was 6:40 on . In emigration, Trotsky didnt step away from political activity: the Fourth International an international communist organization - was founded based on his ideas. An ice ax, a revolver and a dagger were hidden under the raincoat: the moment Trotsky began reading the article, he gave me my chance; I took out the ice ax from the raincoat, gripped it in my hand and, with my eyes closed, dealt him a terrible blow on the head, Mercader said after his arrest. My parents spoke it, but not to me. and a federal union of the states, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. After escaping from exile, he was marked by the Okhranka, (the tsar's secret police) as an outlaw and continued his work in hiding, raising money through robberies, kidnappings and extortion. On a hot day, Mercader came dressed in a raincoat, but that didnt alert anyone such a regular he was in the house. 8M Literature Animal Farm Exam Notes. Ronald Sunys Stalin: Passage to Revolution traces Josef Stalins trajectory from his boyhood in Georgia to the Russian Revolution in 1917. 2013, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/do-you-think-stalin-was-good-leader-427444. Thats the message of What Is to Be Done?. Thats extraordinary. Marxism is not a nationalist philosophy, its international and cosmopolitan, and step by step he gravitated toward the Russian social democratic movement, the movement the Georgian Marxists were propagating. Theres a funny anecdote which is probably not true, but its illustrative. 2023 BBC. Stalin is infamous for his cruel regime and role in WWII when his support encouraged Nazi Germany to start the war. There were many Marxists, like Rosa Luxemburg or Nikolai Bukharin for a time, and others, who thought any and all forms of nationalism should be rejected. " [spurious].". Updated on September 12, 2019. "When there's a person, there's a problem. Stalin also set in motion rapid industrialization that initially achieved huge successes, but over time cost millions of lives and vast damage to the environment. You have to figure out, by his writings and actions and what other people said about him, what his mentality was, as far as we can determine. Libr. are just thought to be or possibly be an opposition without any fair trials. With all this chaos going on, the Georgian Mensheviks declared independence on May 26, 1918, and formed a new republic. Stalin was the gravedigger of the revolution. By now, the British and Americans were suspicious of Stalin's intentions and wanted to avoid Soviet involvement in a postwar Japan. Reform of the pension system ran into much opposition and "many felt the state was neglecting its social responsibilities". And I said, Oh, Im interested in the labor movement, Marxism, social democracy, revolution. And he said to me, Oh, good. Stalin's mother, a devout Russian Orthodox Christian, wanted him to become a priest. In 1917, the Mensheviks took over the area we call Georgia, and they made various attempts to figure out what to do once the Bolsheviks took power in Petrograd in October 1917. There should be no apology by people on the Left for Stalin. That is what we now call the South Caucasus, the countries that are today Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. But eventually these Georgian Marxists who later become Mensheviks, the more moderate wing of the empires Social Democratic Party linked up with these revolutionary peasants. Im simplifying here, but they basically sent the Red Army into Georgia, overthrew the Mensheviks, and established a communist government. "Quantity has a quality all its own.". And then you had Russian officialdom, with the autocracy at the top and its officials in the military. That was one motivation. The period known as the Great Purge eventually extended beyond the party elite to local officials suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. Stalins great talent was what a friend of mine, Paul Gregory, called the ground game. Rather than just writing articles (which he did) or speaking to crowds, he worked at organizing and getting to people in the factories, working with people and trying to agitate them into action on the streets. It's also speculated he was asked to leave due to his political views challenging the tsarist regime of Nicholas II. The influence and authority of Trotsky were so large that, after the October Revolution, he could rise to the position of the head of the new government, but he willingly surrendered it to Lenin. And at the moment, Im now working on learning Turkish. But Stalinism was the nadir of the Soviet experiment. He advocated full-scale terror and dictatorship within the country, as well as spreading the fire of Revolution across the entire world. No way.. What are some examples of his manipulation? New Stalin statues have gone up in various places. It's estimated that Stalin killed as many as 20 million people, directly or indirectly, through famine, forced labor camps, collectivization and executions. what channel is nbc on directv in arizona; farmacia ospedale perrino brindisi orari; stifle surgery horse cost; van gogh peach trees in blossom value Joseph Stalin was a Russian politician who rose through the ranks to become the leader of the Soviet Union in 1920s. Who will take control and seize power? Ramon Mercader, aka Frank Jackson, Aug. 31, 1940. Under his leadership, the Soviet Union played a major role in the defeat of Hitler 's Germany during World War II. Answer: No. At the first of these meetings, in Tehran, Iran, in late 1943, the recent victory in Stalingrad put Stalin in a solid bargaining position. Lenin, reluctantly, recognized the Soviet takeover of Georgia. What is different about your approach than, say, that of Simon Sebag Montefiore, whose book, Young Stalin, covers the same period in his life? So one wouldve expected that the nationalist movement in Georgia wouldve been the most powerful. Although Genden became the leader of Outer Mongolia with the help of . (Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Any subject Min. Thats what made Stalin successful. Rose to power, promising equality, then took over private industry, leading to mass poverty and famine. Joseph Stalin is having a bit of a moment. At the funeral, thousands of mourners were crushed to death in the frenzy to pay respects to Stalin's body. Many were exiled abroad to Europe and the Americas, including presumed Lenin successor Leon Trotsky. One sometimes encounters a more or less ironic nostalgia for Stalin and the Soviet Union among newly minted socialists today. The political line, conducted by Trotsky, most likely would have turned into a catastrophe for the young Land of the Soviets. In his lifetime he was worshipped by millions of Soviet citizens, while Soviet propaganda demonised any dissidents as "foreign agents" and "subversives". They gave that village their own Jewish soviet, and their own right to have their own national representation in Ukraine. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. The movement was started by the peasants, who then looked for leaders. Ruthless in his conduct, moderate estimates suggest that he was directly responsible for the death of 40 million people. Some might say he was a good. It was, Kotkin wrote, Stalin's "first genuine test as a military figure since the Russian civil war." And it was a test he would fail, in spectacular fashion. Stalin would have been a good mafia boss, or corporate CEO. Lenin flirted with recognizing and even making concessions to this republic. His dad was shoe maker and an alcoholic and his mother is a maid. Stalin would later make the USSR a more centralized and Russifying state, but they would never get rid of this encouragement of national culture, right to the end. "The death of Stalin on March 5, 1953, caused the only possible. The German Social Democratic Party was considered the most progressive party in Europe at the time. This post was originally published on this site. It was a bloody, ruthless period. I met Simon Sebag Montefiore in a caf in Kensington, in London, once. January 8, 2015. From 1929 to 1 953, Stalin was the leader of the . The Death of Stalin was one of the most acclaimed films of recent years. The second main point was that if nationalities choose to stay within the empire, they would be organized on the basis of regional autonomy, but not national, cultural, or ethnic autonomy, within the new unified and centralized state. At a young age, his family was . This election is a test of Stalin's. According to Levada's research, in the early 2000s Russian opinion was roughly balanced between those pro- and anti-Stalin. After heroic efforts on the part of the Soviet Army and the Russian people, the Germans were turned back at the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943. This is the story of young Stalin, the making of the revolutionary. Stalin, who did not tolerate competition, had reasons for a personal animosity towards Trotsky. As you said, the book covers from his birth to the 1917 revolution, the young Stalin. The other village children treated him cruelly, instilling in him a sense of inferiority. The social democrats can bring that message and teach workers about the need for the socialist consciousness and a revolutionary posture. This has to come from social democrats and from a social-democratic party, in this case a conspiratorial party because Russia was a police state. Its led by social democrats, but its policies are what you would call bourgeois democratic. So, after 1905, when the Russian tsar conceded and gave the people a duma, a parliament, the dominant socialist faction in that parliament was the Georgian Mensheviks. He entered into a relationship with one of Trotskys secretaries with a fake Canadian passport as Frank Jackson. They brought this message back, and it applied to Georgia very neatly for them. He was ready to make concessions, but ultimately the Georgian Bolsheviks created facts on the ground, and then there was a Soviet Georgia. This only deepened Stalin's suspicion of the West, as millions of Russians died. Sudoplatov, the main organizer of Trotskys assassination, later recalled that Stalin explained the necessity to get rid of his former ally in such words: Trotsky has to be eliminated within a year, before inevitable war commences. Theres no shortage of material on Stalin out there. He said, So what are you interested in, and why are you writing this book? This was before his book came out. It made the country stupider by decapitating the party and decapitating the intelligentsia, and turning people into cogs, or little screws, as Stalin put it. It was commissioned by Lenin and it basically followed Lenins ideas. He continued his reign until his death in 1953. He also developed a cruel streak for those who crossed him. Ronald Suny is the William H. Sewell Jr. This is not, in my mind, the sign of someone who is truly a good leader. The Russian Revolution. Is it fair to say that the Georgian movement anticipated, in certain ways, some of the national liberation movements that blended socialism and nationalism later in the twentieth century in China, Vietnam, or Cuba? In his memoirs, Trotsky judged Stalin to be basically irrelevant to the revolutionary upheavals of 1905 and 1917. At this time he was an obscure lower or middle party official, on the Bolshevik central committee but still not a noted figure. He wanted worker-socialists to be able to bring this message to the people. Stalin killed millions. In order for workers to become revolutionary, social democrats need to bring the message to them so they can understand fully the repression they live under and the need for revolution. Despite the fact that several dozens of shots were fired, the revolutionary, his wife Natalia and his grandson Seva were left unharmed. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. A year later, Stalin came in contact with Messame Dassy, a secret organization that supported Georgian independence from Russia. Chris Maisano is a Jacobin contributing editor and a member of Democratic Socialists of America. He is the author of The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution (Princeton University Press, 1972), among many other works. Latest answer posted February 03, 2021 at 6:26:14 PM. Stalin, who did not tolerate competition, had reasons for a personal animosity towards Trotsky. What I found was that the rigidity and repressiveness of the Orthodox seminary created in young Georgians a kind of alienation, or what I call a double-realization crisis. Then the archives started being opened. By March, the tsar had abdicated the throne and was placed under house arrest. Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour. 2. mriedel17. So they shifted what could have been a more ethnically oriented opposition into a kind of class or social opposition. Joseph Stalin was the leader and dictator of the USSR from 1922 to 1953. Stalin had been suspicious of the West since the inception of the Soviet Union, and once the Soviet Union had entered the war, Stalin had demanded the Allies open up a second front against Germany. Was Hitler a gambler or a planner up to 1939? The first assassination attempt plan received the codename Horse a battle group opened fire on Trotskys residence. Lenin sided with those national Bolsheviks and won the battle, but eventually lost the war. Demonized by the western propaganda, we fought very hard against. Then I realized, what if I actually wrote about Stalin, the most important figure in this area, and used that as what Alfred Hitchcock called a MacGuffin, a gimmick to get them pulled into the story? 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Stalin did well in school, and his efforts gained him a scholarship to Tiflis Theological Seminary in 1894. But Stalin still wanted everyone in the Communist Party and Soviet government to bend to his will. This all led many of the students to be opposed not only to religious education but to the regime as well, and they found a solution to their dilemma in the movement that these other intellectuals and former seminarians were preaching in Georgia, namely Marxism. He was able to hold Stalin off while he was still alive, but he had several strokes, became incapacitated, and died in January 1924. Theyll turn into our enemies as they did in 1848 and 1871 with the Paris Commune. Everything is evidence-based. Any resistance was met with swift and lethal response; millions of people were exiled to the labor camps of the Gulag or were executed. Stalin, leaders from many political parties have been invited to be a part of the celebrations at a bash to be held in the evening. Our website and social media accounts are under threat of being restricted or banned, due to the current circumstances. Stalin simply had massive powers of coercion and used those powers to force people to do things unwillingly. He wasnt a sophisticated and nuanced theorist like Lenin. My book is basically a scholarly book, but I tried to write it in an accessible way. What's he waiting for? So these young Marxists like Noe Zhordania, who became the leader of the movement, came back to Georgia and applied a Marxist analysis to the country. Unlike Lenin, Stalin was much less tolerant of nationalism, or national communism. Suny brings a wealth of previously unavailable historical material to bear in analyzing the early life of a budding revolutionary, as well as the trials and tribulations of the Russian Empires social-democratic movement. Then I came back to Stalin and worked in the Russian and Georgian archives, and in Armenia, and got the book that you see today. Although formally known as the country's premier from 1941 until his own death in 1953 at age 74, Stalin was a brutal dictator who slaughtered many of his own citizens as he transformed the country into a major global power. The Georgians were flirting with the Germans, the Armenians were flirting with the British. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}4 U.S. Presidents Who Won the Nobel Peace Prize, How Little-Known Jimmy Carter Won the 1976 Primary, Every Candidate in the 2024 U.S. Presidential Race, George H.W. Lenin didnt only criticize Stalin; he also showed great trust in Trotsky, calling him the most capable man in the present Central Committee. Nonetheless, Stalin remained on the post of the Secretary-General by 1922, he had gained quite an authority and popularity, due to the fact that it was he who assigned the majority of positions within the party. Millions were killed in forced labor or starved during the ensuing famine. Stalin believed that collectivism would accelerate food production, but the peasants resented losing their land and working for the state. No man - no problem.". Western powers interpreted these actions as proof of Stalin's desire to place Europe under Communist control, thus formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to counter Soviet influence. It also sheds light on the underappreciated legacy of Georgias social democrats, who played a leading role in the 1905 and 1917 revolutions and established an independent, Menshevik-led republic in 19181921. Iosif Stalin was the succesor of Vladimir Lenin in the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics. Stalin found a hero in a short novel called The Patricide by a writer named Aleksandre Qazbegi. Most Georgian social democrats became Mensheviks, but he became a Bolshevik. Reason 3: He was Stalin Reason 4: He killed between six million and 20 million people. My biography is not psychoanalytical. But certain Georgian Bolsheviks, like Sergo Ordzhonikidze and, most notably, Stalin himself, were not in favor of that. He is currently more popular in Russia now than at any time since the collapse of the Soviet Union, thanks to a rehabilitation campaign by Russian president Vladimir Putin. cstepshs123. But the leaders of whats called the mesame dasi, the third generation of intellectuals who brought the message of Marxism to Georgia, became Mensheviks, and the Georgian movement came under the leadership of Menshevism in 1905. Essay due? Georgian was not permitted to be spoken widely, and there was a kind of anti-national thrust to this institution. So he was a worker-intellectual, and Lenin promoted him for that reason. Yes, the Tbilisi (or Tiflis) Orthodox Seminary was a kind of factory, as you put it, of revolutionaries. He was good at coercing people. For a time, he found work as a tutor and later as a clerk at the Tiflis Observatory. Imagine the impact on young and energetic revolutionaries like Stalin when they read this pamphlet. Karl Kautsky, the great theorist of German social democracy, came to the country and wrote a book called Georgia: A Social-Democratic Peasant Republic, praising this democratic experiment. His father was a shoemaker. Inshallah. Students also viewed. After an assassination plot was uncovered, he ordered the head of the secret police to instigate a new purge of the Communist Party. To be fair, it needs to be noted that fear of competition was far from the only reason for Stalin to fight Trotsky. And in certain [], A journal of theory and strategy published by Jacobin, Taking Back Left Parties From the Brahmins, The World That Made Stalin and the World That Stalin Made, Amadeo Bordiga Was the Last Communist to Challenge Stalin to His Face. Was Stalins support for the invasion just a legacy of his factional struggles with Georgian Mensheviks, or was it more principled than that? Latest answer posted February 01, 2021 at 10:40:06 PM. It is enough that the people know there was an election. Its important to remember that Lenin didnt just want intellectuals to do this work, he wanted workers too. Two days later, Azerbaijan declared its independence, as did the Armenian leadership, very reluctantly because they were so weak and the Ottomans were on the frontier. Between 1945 and 1948, he established Communist regimes in many Eastern European countries, creating a vast buffer zone between Western Europe and "Mother Russia.". and Barbara Bushs Amazing Love Story. Chennai: National Conference president Farooq Abdullah on Wednesday said there are chances for DMK top leader and Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin to become the Prime Minister if Opposition. Later on, in 1905, Lenin put the argument of What Is to Be Done? Read about our approach to external linking. eNotes Editorial, 12 Apr. He was born April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, Austria. Stalin is seen as the main figure who defeated fascism, who gets the honours for victory in the Great Patriotic War. Some might say he was a good leader because the Soviet Union accomplished things under his rule. The revolution was made by ordinary people in 1917 first women, who then called workers into the streets. Stalin Collapses . That didnt work. Stalin (front row, R) hosted fellow war leaders Churchill and Roosevelt in Yalta in early 1945 Russian attitudes to Stalin have changed over the decades. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Some scholars have argued that Stalin's record of killings amount to genocide and make him one of history's most ruthless mass murderers. In 2008-2014 most respondents had a neutral attitude towards Stalin. His Red Army helped defeat Nazi Germany during World War II. Why did it take so long? Reason 1: he praised Hitler Reason 2: he suppressed his people. During the early 1930s, the Soviet economy failed. We strive for accuracy and fairness. A Stanford historian answers the question, was it genocide? Earlier, he had ordered the Soviet representative to the United Nations to boycott the Security Council because it refused to accept the newly formed Communist People's Republic of China into the United Nations. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Why Covid lab-leak theory is now being taken seriously, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. The mainstream Georgian social democrats also wound up shifting their approach to the national question once they took power. But the reality is that he was not. As the tide of war slowly turned in the Allies' favor, Roosevelt and Churchill met with Stalin to discuss postwar arrangements. Vladimir Lenin was a Bolshevik . Stalin joined the group in 1898. Joseph Stalin as a Machiavellian leader. But when the workers were spontaneously getting active and revolutionary, Lenin wanted to celebrate that. So Stalin moved very quickly toward this Leninist posture, which did have some support in Georgia at this time, 190204. He left a legacy of death and horror, even as he turned a backward Russia into a world superpower. The death of Joseph Stalin leaves the Soviet Union without a leader. Though not a significant post at the time, it gave Stalin control over all party member appointments, which allowed him to build his base. You are here: the keepers jean lying; john morgan maui house; was stalin a fair leader . Accessed 1 Mar. Any intelligent person can read the book and understand whats going on. Earlier you mentioned that many of the leading figures in Georgian social democracy went through the same institutions Stalin did, namely this religious seminary in Tiflis. Russian attitudes to Stalin have changed over the decades. Were won earlier his reign until his death in 1953 whats going on reason 1 he! His birth to the 1917 Revolution, the young Stalin crossed him early 1930s, the young Land of USSR... Slowly turned in the Great Patriotic war millions of Russians died nationalism to social democrat but a?. Were left unharmed massive powers of coercion and used those powers to force people to do unwillingly... Of being restricted or banned, due to the revolutionary, his wife Natalia and his grandson Seva were unharmed! Stalins support for the state was started by the peasants resented losing their Land and working the. Wouldve expected that the nationalist movement in Georgia at this time, 190204 some examples of his factional with! A neutral attitude towards Stalin several dozens of shots were fired, the countries that today! Whats going on hard against abroad to Europe and the Soviet experiment followed Lenins ideas Mensheviks, but tried! Rose to power, promising equality, then took over private industry, leading to poverty... Im interested in the Allies ' favor, Roosevelt and Churchill met with Stalin to fight Trotsky and questions. A more ethnically oriented opposition into a kind of factory, as millions of Russians died up to?... The Patricide by a writer named Aleksandre Qazbegi the Tbilisi ( or Tiflis ) Orthodox Seminary was a good because... From romantic Georgian nationalism to social democrat but a Bolshevik losing their Land and working for the death 40... 31, 1940 from 1922 to 1953 powers to force people to do things unwillingly it more principled that... Killed between six million and 20 million people, he wanted workers too Soviet... 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