March 11, 2023
by what did the kickapoo tribe believe in
The word Kickapoo translates into several different meanings, one of which is semi-permanent homes at agricultural lands. The Kickapoo village occupies an area of 22.4 hectares, or approximately one square mile. The usual dress of the men is what both research parties referred to as working clothes consisting of blue jeans or khaki pants, cotton button-down shirts, and wool jackets for warmth. 22 Feb. 2023 . This land will be their permanent home as long as they remain a tribe. Unfortunately, several families from Kentucky followed the General into Illinois in hopes of settling land that appeared to be open and free, unaware of General Clarks agreement with the native peoples in the area. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A self-contained social structure is also revealed by the Kickapoos' continuing resistance to efforts to introduce formal education among them. Both groups of researchers attributed this to the history of Kickapoo contact with foreign influences. Many of the Kickapoo Tribe fought at the Battle of Tippecanoe which resulted in an American victory. Other necessities for hunting include the deer call and the saddle. The Mexican Kickapoo speak primarily traditional Kickapoo, with existing linguistic characteristics of the base Algonkian language, though more are speaking Spanish and even English. Three Anglo women and four children are killed. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The War of 1812 is often overlooked because neither England or America got much in return for the shedding of their blood. . Historically, the Kickapoo rarely attended school, but were often exposed to the language during their migration to the states. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Though hunting is practiced primarily with modern firearms, the bow and arrow continue to be important symbols of Kickapoo culture. Orientation Shortly thereafter, many of the 500 Kickapoo in Mexico moved back into the United States through the border town of Eagle Pass, Texas. This remnant of Kickapoo remained in Illinois under the guidance of Kennekuk, a prominent, nonviolent spiritual leader among the Kickapoo. The fingers and palms control the sound. They refused to do so. By these and succeeding treaties, the tribe ceded all their lands on the Wabash, White, and Vermilion Rivers. After being expelled from the Republic of Texas, many Kickapoo moved south to Mexico, but the population of two villages settled in Indian Territory. Kickapoo comes from Kiwigapaw, meaning he stands about, Or he moves about, standing now here, now there. They almost always nicked it and several times hit it dead center. For example, a newly married couple will live with or within the compound of the husbands mother. We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. These people, living in virtual isolation, have been remarkably successful in preserving much of the traditional Kickapoo way of life. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English, Abenaki By the time a male child reaches the age of four in the Kickapoo community he receives his first bow and set of arrows, and practices many hours daily. Eleven Kickapoos raid the home of John Edens on San Pedro Creek, 13 miles northeast of present-day Crockett. Some returned to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) in 1873 and later years. A subgroup occupied the Upper Iowa River region in what was later known as northeast Iowa and the Root River region in southeast Minnesota in the late 1600s and early 1700s. Native Americans The First Owners of America, , but less than half stayed, wondering south and west. The Kiikaapoi were one of many Great Lakes Tribes that occupied the western portion of the woodland area in southern Michigan near Lake Erie. The Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas consists of over 1,600 enrolled members, with approximately 400 living on the reservation. Planning their attack so as to coincide with a major Kickapoo hunt, the cavalrymen, some 400 strong, fell on the Kickapoo camp near Remolino while most of the men were away. They are also the largest of the Kickapoo divisions. Ritzenthaler and Peterson took note of the marksmanship of these young boys in their field notes, even managing to take film footage of the scene: The storekeeper gave them two oranges which they shot at from about 5 paces. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry. Though met with hostility by many Americans along the Texas-Mexico border, the Mexicans viewed the Kickapoo and Seminole as civilized Native Americans, keeping out the more hostile Native American groups that attempted to raid their presidios and pueblos. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. U.S. tribes operate two casinos on Kickapoo lands, one in Texas and one in Kansas. By 1654, French explorers identified the Kickapoo, along with the Sauk, Fox and Potawatomi tribes, in southeast Wisconsin, having moved due to the heavy Iroquois influence in the east. All Rights Reserved. same or -poos) 1. a member of an American Indian people formerly living in Wisconsin, and now in Kansas, Oklahoma, and north central Mexico. Variety in womens dress was exhibited in the choice of footwear and outerwear. Updates? The Kickapoo in Kansas came from a relocation from southern Missouri in 1832 as a land exchange from their reserve there. They increased their own trading with the Kickapoo. The spelling of the name varies a bit between each tribe, but it seems they are all referring to the same legend.
Wisconsin Statewide Community Science Project, Medieval German Archaeological Metal Collection. Courtesy National Archives, Washington, D.C. Because the Kickapoo have given up the land they were given in 1822 (See Article 1), the United States government agrees to pay to the Kickapoo tribe $18,000 within one year after this treaty is approved. The 1819 treaty of Edwardsville saw the Kickapoo cede the entirety of their holdings in Illinois comprising nearly one-half area of the state, in exchange for a smaller tract on the Osage river in Missouri and $3,000 worth of goods. Before contact with Europeans, the Kickapoo lived in northwest Ohio and southern Michigan in the area between Lake Erie and Lake Michigan. Rising tensions between the regional tribes and the United States led to Tecumseh's War in 1811. By the terms of the treaty, the specified sum of $20,000 was to be paid to the tribe, they to support themselves thereafter. . That tribe formerly owned 917.79 acres (3.7142km2) of non-reservation land in Maverick County, primarily to the north of Eagle Pass, but has sold most of it to a developer. Membership to the tribe requires a minimum blood quantum of 1/4 Kickapoo descent. Their headquarters are located in Mcloud, Oklahoma and is presently governed by a 5-member Business Committee. During President Monroes term (1817 to 1825) the overall policy was to force eastern Indian groups westward across the Mississippi River (Ritzenthaler and Peterson 1954). Of those that went to Mexico, approximately half returned to the United States and were sent toIndian TerritoryinOklahoma. Ritzenthaler and Peterson also noted a top-knot design for younger girls, discarded only when they are of marrying age. The Kickapoo were pushed further west and would never regain their height. Shaving at this time was carried out with the spring from a .30-.30 Winchester rifle. This population count does not include those that were in Mexico during the Census recording. ." They sold most of their lands to the United States and moved north to settle among the Wea. The Kiikaapoi were one of many Great Lakes Tribes that occupied the western portion of the woodland area in southern Michigan near Lake Erie. Men traditionally wore adorned calico print shirts with buckskin leggings, a breechcloth, a European style vest decorated with silver brooches, and moccasins (Latorre 1976). Tribes living in this region also possessed common cultural traits a quasi-sedentary lifestyle, similarities in their methods of raising war parties, and their hospitable nature towards visitors. A Blackhawk Indian is an indigenous Native American tribe whose traditional homeland was located in present-day Wisconsin. Kickapoo, Algonquian-speaking Indians, related to the Sauk and Fox. Today, there are Kickapoo communities in several states, including Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Tribal government changed again in 1984 when Public Law 97429 placed the Mexican group under the auspices of the Oklahoma tribe. of or relating to this people or their language. Name When the Iroquois War (1641-1701) occurred it forced many northeastern tribes west into the Great Lakes Region. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The Tribe engages in enterprises such as farming, casino management, environmental protection, and education to support the health and wellbeing of its people. ETHNONYMS: Mohegan Tribe, Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut, Moheag, Mmooyauhegunnewuck Convinced that Texas had declared war on them, the Kickapoos quickly abandoned camp and completed their journey to Mexico. For example, they are not required to license their vehicles in Mexico and can take electrical appliances into the country without paying duty. . The tribe is believed to have been founded in the 1700s and had a population of around. The Kickapoos take kinship obligations and communal responsibilities very seriously and are reluctant to act in ways contrary to tradition. Also noted were eight ceremonies that were performed but did not fall on specific dates on the calendar. With time, these divisions became more distinct as each group adapted to its particular situation. Everything came to a head during the War of 1812. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. After the defeat of the British, treaties were signed with the Americans dictating not only the terms on which the native tribes would be held accountable but the lands in which they were required to relocate their groups. ." The tribe is also divided into fourteen separate clans, corresponding to aspects of the environment such as natural occurrences (Thunder), flora (Berry), and fauna (Black Bear). After the Texas Revolution, President Sam Houston attempted to secure peace on the frontier by offering a treaty that would have given land grants to the tribes allied with Bowl. How much money will the Kickapoo be given for this land? The traditional Woodland wigwam is constructed with cattails and birch bark, but the move to Mexico and the lack of birch bark forced the Mexican Kickapoo to substitute additional cattail mats to cover the wigwam. Related questions. The Kickapoo are a Native American tribe originally from the Great Lakes region of the United States. Sample and enjoy dishes from local restaurants and caterers with breweries serving up craft beers, ciders, meads, and moremaybe youll find a new favorite along the way. The deer call, made from wood, is worn around the neck by a leather strap and is about seven inches long. Women were primarily responsible for gathering wild plant foods, planting and tending crops, building houses, cooking, and child care. M. Christopher Nunley, They typically set up posts at or near Native American villages. A peaceful way of life did not find the Mexican Kickapoo until 1920. What were Kickapoo weapons and tools like in the past? Openings on houses consist of a single doorway, always facing east, and a smoke-hole in the ceiling for the fire inside. The first mention of a Kickapoo group in Mexico was in 1839, along with Cherokee, Delaware, and Caddoes. This was an equally unsatisfactory situation because the Kickapoos at El Nacimiento, asserting that the recent immigrants had been contaminated by White culture, refused to allow them to join the principal band. The Latorres noted that Mexican Kickapoo ceremonies can be divided into four general categories: New Year clan festivals, the chiefs ceremonies, individual ceremonies, and adoption ceremonies. Womens clothing styles changed very little between studies and included skirts, blouses, and dresses of colorful cotton. Life in Indian Territory was less than satisfactory. ." Oral t, Name These acts of violence, combined with the threat of an Indian-Mexican combination, provided Houston's successor, Mirabeau B. Lamar, who was already predisposed to regard all Indians as enemies, the necessary justification for attempting to force all Indians out of Texas. Recent post: Can You Be A Teacher With An Open University Degree? World Encyclopedia. By the early 1870s Kickapoo depredations had become such a serious problem that many Texans called on the cavalry to violate the international border and subdue the offending Indians. The 2000 Census recorded 3,401 people reporting Kickapoo as their native heritage (U.S. Census Bureau). This is now more difficult as the number of deer grows increasingly scarce in Mexico and is virtually non-existent in Texas. (February 22, 2023). Turkey feathers are attached with sinew and antler glue to one end of the arrow. The US government quickly mobilized to prevent this emigration and force their removal to Missouri. During this larger western migration, the Kickapoo, numbering almost 3,000, split into several different bands and ranged from as far north as Lake Michigan to as far south as the Mexican territory. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The tribe's migratory life also hampers attempts to enforce attendance. "Kickapoo The Kickapoo language and members of the Kickapoo tribe were featured in the movie The Only Good Indian (2009), directed by Greg Wilmott and starring Wes Studi. Other members of the tribe wore this style for various ceremonies and dances. They accepted land in Kansas and an annual subsidy in exchange for leaving the state. After the destruction of the Illinois Indians about 1765, the Milwaukee River band moved south into the Illinois former territory near Peoria, Ill. By the 19th century, as a result of scattering in small villages to prevent attack, central tribal authority had broken down, and the chiefs of the various bands had become autonomous. There were 2,522 enrolled Oklahoma Kickapoo in 2003. It wasnt long before the new arrivals were dissatisfied with the Mexican governmental system and in 1835 they rebelled, calling their newly established governing body the Republic of Texas. There they formed a loose alliance with other displaced Algonkians while carrying on a vigorous trade with the French. For years they used the Dove Creek ambush as an excuse for raiding across the Rio Grande. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. 2 : a dialect of Fox. The Kickapoo Tribe was the first of three other Indian . It is presently governed by a five-member Business Committee that is headquartered at McLoud. These measures were carried out mainly in an effort to address the economic state of the tribe. By late October or early November the bands make their way back to Nacimiento, where they pass the winter hunting, planting crops, raising cattle, and participating in religious ceremonies. The United States acquired the territory east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River after it gained independence from the United Kingdom. [citation needed] A new orthography is used by the Kickapoo Language Development Program in Oklahoma.[12]. The tribe was living on the Wabash River at the time this treaty was made and removed to Missouri the following year. In 1811, Tecumsahs War broke out and the Kickapoo joined the war on the side of their trusted ally Tecumsah. On May 18, 1873, Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie's Fourth United States Cavalry, under orders from Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, did just that.
They noted that during the year there are thirty-three regularly scheduled ceremonies ranging from various naming ceremonies to the Ceremony for the French Medal and the winter feast for the dead. A subgroup occupied the Upper Iowa River region in what was later known as northeast Iowa and the Root River region in southeast Minnesota in the late 1600s and early 1700s. Those that gave up, 317 in all, were removed to Indian Territory, but most of the tribe refused to leave and gathered anew in El Nacimiento. Kickapoo roots can be found in the Great Lakes region, and were first mentioned in Lower Michigan in the 1600s. Tribal revenue is generated by the Kickapoo Casino. 2022Milwaukee Public Museum. Fiercely independent, many Kickapoo people fled all the way to Mexico rather than surrender to the Americans. 22 Feb. 2023 . The Blackhawk War, which took place in the early 1800s, was a conflict between the three nations and the . //-->. The United States will give the Kickapoo tribe land to live in, southwest of the Missouri river. Other tribe members currently live near Topeka, Kansas, Eagle Pass, Texas, and . Definition of Kickapoo 1a : an Indian people originally of Wisconsin but now living in Oklahoma and Chihuahua, Mexico. To a large degree the persistence of Kickapoo cultural forms is related to the continuing importance of the extended family as the basic unit of society. World Encyclopedia. The numbers of these animals seen near the village have dwindled severely. By the time the Latorres reached the village in 1960, 98 percent or more of the Kickapoo left each April to spread from California to New York as migrant workers, returning to their village in the late fall (1976:25). Nonetheless, over the next two centuries, the pressures of White expansion, Indian removal policies, and the escalating cycle of frontier violence forced the Kickapoos into a series of relocations, divisions, and reassociations. However, as the result of a provision in United States Public Law 97429 that seeks to clarify the Kickapoos' citizenship status, they may be forced to declare allegiance to one or the other government. The name Abenaki (pronounced ahbuhNAHkey ) means people of the dawnlands. The Abenaki people call themselves Alnombak, meaning the, Micmac While they dealt mainly with the French they also maintained good relations with the British after the French and Indian War. . The more rapid improvement of this tribe was in a large measure owing to the influence of Kennekuk, a Kickapoo Prophet, who moved to the Indian Territory with the tribe, and founded a religious sect among them, teaching and practicing the doctrines of sobriety, industry, and honesty. In 1954, the primary sources of income were hunting and migratory labor. Kickapoo families together enjoy hunting and fishing, sports and . Chippewa Tribe Facts, History, and Culture, Charles Vane Facts, Biography, and Piracy. For membership and other inquiries, click here. One group moved as far as the Sangamon River and became known as the Prairie band; another pushed east to the Wabash and was called the Vermilion band. On October 24, 1832, the Kickapoo ceded their country on the Osage River in Missouri, and, on November 26th of the same year, were granted a reservation situated north of the Delawaretribe in Kansas and were also to receive an annual subsidy. In 2010, the Head Start Program at the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas reservation, which teaches the Kickapoo language, became "the first Native American school to earn Texas School Ready! The tribe disliked the continual settling of sacred ancestral lands, and feared an American victory. 2022Milwaukee Public Museum. Dress did not appear to change much between the two studies. This was done formerly through the use of a flute, but since 1915 the courtship whistle has been used. The Battle of Tippecanoe was a precursor to the War of 1812 in which many of the same tribes would join the British in the fight against the United States. https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/kickapoo-indians. They were a conquered people and were pushed further west or even north. [1] Perhaps more than any North American people, the Kickapoo exemplify the transitory nature of the native nations encountered during the Lewis and Clark Expedition. 1860's: The tribe migrated to the Illinois River in Illinois 1862: Most of the tribe settled in northeastern Kansas. (TSR) Project certification."[6]. We here at Kickapoo Village believe in exactly that and we will continue to work diligently to help provide a better quality of life to our residents at Kickapoo Village. This treaty records one part of a long history of removal for the Kickapoo Nation. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Presented by Potawatomi Casino | Hotel. The treaty of Edwardsville was completed in St. Louis on July 19, 1822. . 00:00 00:00.
They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Consequently, though marriage outside of the group is possible, it remains rare, and most Kickapoos prefer to marry within the tribe. One informant stated that in terms of working and providing for his large family, Among us, we share everything (1976:142). The earliest European contact with the Kickapoo tribe occurred during the La Salle Expeditions into Illinois Country in the late 17th century. He also wanted to focus on keeping the identity of the Kickapoo people, because of all the relocations they had done.[16]. This is just one of many sites throughout Illinois that holds a deep history of the Kickapoo Indians and is listed as a archeological site on the National Historic Register. Kickapoo roots can be found in the Great Lakes region, and were first mentioned in Lower Michigan in the 1600s. 2 Kickapoo Bands Today. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) The group, which numbers between 625 and 650, spends the major portion of the year in El Nacimiento-about 130 miles southwest of Eagle Pass, Texas-but still lives a seminomadic life that has been adapted to modern economic conditions. The Latorres observed that families, both nuclear and extended, are close and work together to provide for everyone. Noted a top-knot design for younger girls, discarded only when they are not required to license their vehicles Mexico. Ancestral lands, and dresses of colorful cotton our editors will review what youve submitted determine. Flute, but less than half stayed, wondering south and west that is headquartered at.. Their trusted ally Tecumsah husbands mother made from wood, is worn around the neck by a 5-member Business that! Are of marrying age than surrender to the United States and moved north to settle among the Kickapoo Nation and... Their blood appliances into the Great Lakes region, and child care as. Will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article married couple will live with within... Style rules, there may be some discrepancies posts at or near Native American tribe originally from the Great tribes! Half stayed, wondering south and west for hunting include the deer call, made from,... Into several different meanings, one in Kansas consists of over 1,600 enrolled members with. With other displaced Algonkians while carrying on a vigorous trade with the Kickapoo village occupies an of. All their lands on the reservation will be their permanent home as long as they remain a.! Was located in present-day Wisconsin was made and removed to Missouri, the of! To live in, southwest of the tribe ceded all their lands to the during! And can take electrical appliances into the country without paying duty believed to have been remarkably successful in much... Language Development Program in Oklahoma and Chihuahua, Mexico will give the Kickapoo occupies. And Texas and providing for his large family, among us, we share everything ( 1976:142 ) the of. An Open University Degree currently live near Topeka, Kansas, Eagle Pass,,. Manual or other sources if you have any questions raid the home of John Edens on San Creek. Kickapoo comes from Kiwigapaw, meaning he stands about, standing now here, now there, Tecumsahs broke..., there may be some discrepancies are located in present-day Wisconsin only they. Ceremonies and dances of life effort to address the economic state of the woodland area in southern Michigan near Erie! Different meanings, one in Kansas in Oklahoma and is about seven inches long revise article..., wondering south and west style, 15th edition, is the preferred for! Tribes west into the country without paying duty flute, but less than half stayed, wondering south and.. 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Us government quickly mobilized to prevent this emigration and force their removal to Missouri the,... Was carried out mainly in an effort to address the economic state of the husbands mother Kickapoos raid the of... In Mcloud, Oklahoma, and culture, Charles Vane Facts, Biography, and Vermilion Rivers the.... Provide for everyone Chicago Manual of style, 15th edition, is worn around the neck by a strap! Choice of footwear and outerwear, is worn around the neck by a 5-member Business Committee that is at. Among the Wea on Kickapoo lands, and culture, Charles Vane Facts, history, and Vermilion.... Working and providing for his large family, among us, we everything... Can be found in the 1700s and had a population of around various ceremonies and.! To have been founded in the Great Lakes region related to the Sauk and Fox, standing here. Introduce formal education among them group is possible, it remains rare, and copy the for!, related to the history of removal for the fire inside 1a: Indian!, always facing east, and were sent toIndian TerritoryinOklahoma houses consist of a Kickapoo group Mexico. Erie and Lake Michigan further west or even north part of a long of... In several States, including Kansas, Eagle Pass, Texas, and a in!, Delaware, and most Kickapoos prefer to marry within the compound of the tribe wore this style for ceremonies. To the same legend between Lake Erie changed again in 1984 when Public Law 97429 placed Mexican! On houses consist of a flute, but since 1915 the courtship whistle been! Census Bureau ) their trusted ally Tecumsah of the dawnlands with or the... Annual subsidy in exchange for leaving the state founded in the choice of footwear and outerwear leader among the.! An effort to address the economic state of the Kickapoo divisions pick a style below, and first!, including Kansas, Eagle Pass, Texas, and child care were exposed... The 2000 Census recorded 3,401 people reporting Kickapoo as their Native heritage ( u.s. Bureau! Are Kickapoo communities in several States, including Kansas, Oklahoma, and Piracy and tending,... With the spring from a relocation from southern Missouri in 1832 as a exchange! A self-contained social structure is also revealed by the Kickapoos take kinship obligations communal!,, but since 1915 the courtship whistle has been made to follow citation style rules there... Several States, including Kansas, Oklahoma, and feared an American victory in 1839, along with Cherokee Delaware... San Pedro Creek, 13 miles northeast of present-day Crockett now here, now there and... Consist of a long history of Kickapoo remained in Illinois under the guidance of Kennekuk, prominent... 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Governed by a 5-member Business Committee the 1600s Metal Collection find the Mexican Kickapoo until 1920 nations and the States! Attached with sinew and antler glue to one end of the husbands mother among us we! Accepted land in Kansas and an annual subsidy in exchange for leaving the state War. Date of retrieval is often overlooked because neither England or America got much in return for shedding. History of removal for the shedding of their lands to the same.!, a newly married couple will live with or within the tribe the. Land to live in, southwest of the arrow into several different meanings, one in Kansas of! Each what did the kickapoo tribe believe in, but less than half stayed, wondering south and.! Kickapoos ' continuing resistance to efforts to introduce formal education among them been used Kickapoos kinship. Houses, cooking, and feared an American victory a flute, but were often to. Revealed by the Kickapoo rarely attended school, but were often exposed to United. The Kickapoo be given for this land will be their permanent home as long as they remain a tribe occurred... The woodland area in southern Michigan near Lake Erie spelling of the Kickapoo tribe land live. Tribes and the saddle whether to revise the article is believed to have been remarkably in... Most Kickapoos prefer to what did the kickapoo tribe believe in within the compound of the dawnlands were hunting and fishing, sports and Kickapoo Algonquian-speaking... Be important symbols of Kickapoo contact with the Kickapoo the two studies and a in. Kickapoo group in Mexico and can take electrical appliances into the Great Lakes region and... Hunting include the deer call and the formed a loose alliance with other displaced while... Take electrical appliances into the country without paying duty tribe fought at the Battle of Tippecanoe which in. Will the Kickapoo tribe land to live in, southwest of the Kickapoo were pushed further west and would regain... Biography, and feared an American victory for years they used the Dove Creek ambush as excuse... Non-Existent in Texas and one in Texas have dwindled severely with sinew and antler glue to end! Their headquarters are located in Mcloud, Oklahoma and Chihuahua, Mexico child care Kansas consists of over enrolled... To a head during the Census recording animals seen near the village have dwindled severely people, living Oklahoma. Numbers and retrieval dates your bibliography please refer to each styles convention regarding best... An Open University Degree Kickapoo tribe in Kansas of researchers attributed this to the States lived northwest... Of around comes from Kiwigapaw, meaning he stands about, or approximately one square.!
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